Angela
Marie Wulbrecht jumped at the first chance to get a COVID-19 vaccine,
driving three hours from her home in Santa Rosa to a mass-vaccination
site on Jan. 19. Twelve minutes after her Moderna shot, she stumbled
into the paramedic tent with soaring blood pressure and a racing
heartbeat.
So began a calvary of severe fatigue, brain fog, imbalance and other symptoms that are still with her eight months later.
Wulbrecht,
46, had been a nurse for 23 years before the fateful shot. She was
healthy, ate a vegan diet and was an accomplished salsa dancer. Since
January, she’s had to leave her job and has missed out on many
activities with her husband and 12-year-old daughter, Gabriella. She has
spent about $35,000 on out-of-pocket medical bills, despite having
insurance.
“I
wanted to get vaccinated as soon as I could to help fight the
pandemic,” said Wulbrecht, who still supports the vaccination campaign.
Her husband got his shots despite her reaction, and Gabriella was
scheduled to get her first dose Wednesday. “But it would help those who
are hesitant if they took care of those of us who got injured.”
The
options are slim for people who suffer rare life-altering injuries
after a COVID-19 shot. It's a problem whose significance is growing as
states and the federal government increasingly ponder vaccine mandates.
A federal program compensates people experiencing vaccine injuries, but not injuries from COVID-19 vaccines — not yet, anyway.
Such injuries are rare, but “if you’re going to take one for the team, the team has to have your back,” said Katharine Van Tassel, a vaccine law expert at the Case Western Reserve University School of Law in Cleveland. “That’s a moral imperative.”
Thirty-five years ago, Congress created the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program,
known as the vaccine court, for children hurt by routine immunizations
administered as a condition of school entry. Since it began operations
in 1988, the vaccine court has paid more than $4 billion to over 8,000
families who could provide a “preponderance of evidence” that vaccines
against diseases like measles and pertussis hurt their kids.
The
court also covers vaccine injuries in pregnant women, and from the flu
vaccine. But it does not cover aftereffects from COVID-19 shots.
A smaller federal program, the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program, addresses illnesses resulting from drugs or vaccines administered during a public health emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
But that program requires evidence that’s harder to pin down, does not
pay attorney fees and rules by administrative fiat, while the vaccine
court has judges.
The countermeasures program has yet to pay
anything to anyone hurt by a COVID-19 vaccine, and its largely invisible
decisions are “an inscrutable enigma,” said Brian Abramson, an expert on vaccine law.
David Bowman, a spokesperson for the Health Resources & Services Administration
in the federal Department of Health and Human Services, said the
countermeasures program had a total of seven staff members and
contractors and was seeking to hire more. He declined to answer
questions about how COVID-19 vaccine claims could be handled in the
future.
In June, a bipartisan group of lawmakers led by Reps.
Lloyd Doggett (D-Texas) and Fred Upton (R-Mich.) introduced legislation
to address problems with the original vaccine court, including a
two-year backlog of cases. That bill would also increase the pain and
suffering or death payments to people who can prove an injury, from
$250,000 to $600,000.
A spokesperson for Doggett said he hoped the
bill would eventually allow patients injured by COVID-19 vaccines to
get compensation through the vaccine court. But that’s far from
guaranteed.
In general, it is very difficult to prove a vaccine
caused an injury that arises after vaccination, since the ailments can
be coincidental. But the rare vaccine injury can be devastating to a
person’s health and financial resources.
Wulbrecht, whose care has
included five ambulance trips, each billed for $3,000, filed a claim in
February with the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program. She got a
note acknowledging her claim but hasn’t heard further from the program.
She’s
in a Facebook group created for people reporting grievous COVID-19
vaccine-related neurological issues. It was launched by Dr. Danice
Hertz, a retired gastroenterologist in Santa Monica who has been
diagnosed post-vaccination with mast cell activation syndrome, a rare condition in which part of the immune system goes haywire.
Hertz got her first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine on Dec. 23, shortly after it was authorized by the Food and Drug Administration
for emergency use. Within 30 minutes, she suffered terrible numbness
and pain in her face and tongue and “felt vibrations going through my
whole body,” she said.
More than 90% of the 150 people in the
Facebook group are women, Hertz said. She is careful to keep what she
terms anti-vaccine “riffraff” off the list, but she said many of the
injured people have been frustrated at being unable to get a diagnosis
or find doctors who understand the nature of their injuries.
Talk
of vaccine injuries is sometimes muted in public health circles because
of reluctance to feed the anti-vaccine movement and its bogus claims of vaccine injury ranging from infertility to magnetism to microchips secretly implanted by Microsoft founder Bill Gates.
But
rare reactions like the ones Hertz and Wulbrecht report are scattered
through the vaccine literature and often attributed to a phenomenon
called “molecular mimicry,” in which the immune system responds to an element in the vaccine by attacking similar-looking human proteins. Guillain-Barré syndrome,
or GBS, is caused by an immune attack on the nervous system in reaction
to a vaccination, and to viral infections. It has been reported after
influenza shots, and the single-dose Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine.
Hertz and others have been in contact with Dr. Avindra Nath,
chief of clinical medicine at the National Institute of Neurological
Disorders and Stroke, whose specialty is the study of immune-modulated
neurological illness. Nath said he was studying some of the patients but
hadn’t confirmed their illnesses were caused by a COVID-19 vaccine.
“We
have to find these answers, but they aren’t easy to come by,” Nath
said. “I know these reactions are rare, because there were 36,000 NIH
employees vaccinated against COVID and, if it was common, I could study
it here. But I don’t have a single NIH employee” who experienced it.
Regardless
of how common the reactions are, vaccine law specialists worry about
the impact of a failure to help those hurt by shots administered before
the products gain full FDA approval, which could come this fall.
Congress
created the vaccine court to keep pharmaceutical companies from
abandoning production of common childhood vaccines by protecting them
from damaging lawsuits, while at the same time offering support for kids
hurt by a vaccine.
The Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program arose as part of the 2005 Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act,
and was pushed through to shield drug companies from lawsuits over
products like the anthrax and smallpox vaccines, which had a relatively
high rate of dangerous side effects. COVID-19 vaccines shouldn’t be in
the same category, Van Tassel said.
The PREP Act is likely to set
an almost insurmountable burden of proof for injury compensation, she
said. Rewards depend on “compelling, reliable, valid medical and
scientific evidence,” which doesn’t exist for COVID-19 vaccines because
they are so new.
But cause and effect appear clear to women like
Brianne Dressen, a Saratoga Springs, Utah, preschool teacher who was
bedridden for months with neurological symptoms that began after she got
an AstraZeneca shot in a clinical trial last November.
“Vaccines
are an important piece of the puzzle to get us through the pandemic,”
she said. “But some people are going to draw the short straw with any
drug or vaccine, and we need to take care of them.”
KHN
(Kaiser Health News) is a national newsroom that produces in-depth
journalism about health issues. Together with Policy Analysis and
Polling, KHN is one of the three major operating programs at KFF (Kaiser Family Foundation).
This story originally appeared in Los Angeles Times.
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