"Technically-speaking, America wasn’t founded until the summer of 1776 and so “Native Americans” didn’t actually exist.
Congress,
during the summer of 1924, passed the “Indian Citizenship Act”, which
declared all Indians who were born in what eventually became North
America to be American citizens.
Before that, Indians were
considered citizens of their own tribes, not U.S. citizens, even though
some had gained citizenship earlier through various treaties, land
allotments, and possibly military service.
The 14th Amendment didn’t
apply to them because tribes were treated as separate sovereign
nations. Even after 1924, many states blocked them from voting until the
1960s."
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